EVO Entertainment Group Rebrands As Elevate Entertainment Group; Acquires Violet Crown Cinema Chain. By Anthony D'Alessandro. October 23, 2023 12:33pm. …Learning to read: English in comparison to six more regular orthographies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 621 – 635. Bast, J. & Reitsma, P. ( 1998 ). Analyzing the development of individual differences in terms of Matthew effects in reading: Results from a Dutch longitudinal study.Southwest Educational Research Laboratory's (SEDL's) reading project examines early literacy in Grades K-2 and the prevention of early reading failure. The goals of this effort include the following: developing a framework of the cognitive foundations of learning to read that organizes research information; using that framework to organize information about K-2 reading assessment ... In today’s digital age, the way we consume information and entertainment has drastically changed. Gone are the days of flipping through physical books or magazines to get our daily dose of reading.Reading Acquisition. Philip B. Gough, Linnea C. Ehri, Rebecca Treiman. Routledge, Nov 27, 2017 - Education - 400 pages. Originally published in 1992. This book brings together the work of a number of distinguished international researchers engaged in basic research on beginning reading. Individual chapters address various processes and problems ...Carrillo, M. (1994). Development of phonological awareness and reading acquisition. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 279–298. Durgunoglu, A. Y. (2002). Cross-linguistic transfer in literacy development and implications for language learners. Annals of Dyslexia, 52, 189-204.fundamental skills of reading acquisition, such as phonological awareness, vocabulary, and oral language (Buckingham, Wheldall, & Beaman-Wheldall, 2013). •Children's initial reading competency is correlated with the home literacy environment, number of books owned, and parent distress (Aikens & Barbarin, 2008; Bergen, Zuijen, Bishop, & Jong ...SECTION: ARTICLES Reading acquisition in beginner readers: Typical errors in European Portuguese1 Edlia Simões2 Margarida Alves Martins3 Abstract The study of the strategies that children use in reading words and the analysis of errors that typically occur throughout the learning process are of critical importance for the understanding of reading acquisition.Teaching students phonics skills by embedding phonics instruction in text reading, a more implicit approach that relies to some extent on incidental learning. Phonics through spelling Teaching students to segment words into phonemes and to select letters for those phonemes (i.e., teaching students to spell words phonemically).Learning to read or reading skills acquisition is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words. For a skilled reader, the act of reading feels simple, effortless, and automatic. Oct 10, 2022 · One literacy model is Uta Frith’s theory of reading acquisition. In Frith’s theory, children acquire literacy by moving through particular stages that are developmental and associated with both age and experience. Frith includes three stages of reading acquisition in her model (see Figure 3.2). Rather, integrated instruction in segmenting and blending seems to provide the greatest benefit to reading acquisition (e.g., Snider, 1995). Second, although most children appear to benefit from instruction in phonological awareness, in some studies there are students who respond poorly to this instruction or fail to respond at all.“Where there is little reading there will be little language learning. ... A student who wants to learn English will have to read himself into a knowledge of it unless he can move into an English environment” (Bright and McGregor, 1970, p.52). Everybody knows that language acquisition without reading is diffi cult. ReadingThe reading brain can be likened to the real-time collaborative effort of a symphony orchestra, with various parts of the brain working together, like sections of instruments, to maximize our ability to decode the written text in front of us: The temporal lobe is responsible for phonological awareness and decoding/discriminating sounds.Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation. The capacity to …Reading vocabulary refers to the words we need to know to understand what we read. Writing vocabulary consists of the words we use in writing. Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. Beginning readers must use the words they hear orally to make sense of the words they see in print. Kids who hear more words spoken at home learn ...The chapters in this volume are based on presentations made at a recent conference on cognitive and linguistic foundations of reading acquisition. The researchers who participated have all made contributions to the theoretical and empirical understanding of how children learn to read. They were asked to address not only what they have learned ... Apr 1, 2021 · The study aimed to explore cross-linguistic contributions of morphological awareness to Chinese reading acquisition among Chinese heritage language (CHL) learners who had grown up speaking Chinese ... Emergent literacy period is characterized by the child's awakening to reading. Developmental models have proposed various sequences of reading acquisition stages drawn from behavioral observations of children (Chall, 1983; Frith, 1985; Ehri and McCormick, 1998). However, children do not mandatorily go through all proposed stages in a sequential ...Chapter 31: Reading Acquisition in Different Orthographies: Evidence from Direct Comparisons Download PDF Chapter 32: Learning to Read: The Effect of Orthography Download PDF Chapter 33: Learning to Spell From Print and Learning to Spell From Speech: A Study of Spelling of Children Who Speak Tamil, a Dravidian Language Download PDF3.2b Frith Theory of Reading Acquisition. Literacy experts also use a stage model to describe children's literacy progressions. Although the various stage models of reading have some distinctions and focus on different elements of reading processes, they all share an approach which focuses on children moving from one stage to another with ...Oct 10, 2022 · One literacy model is Uta Frith’s theory of reading acquisition. In Frith’s theory, children acquire literacy by moving through particular stages that are developmental and associated with both age and experience. Frith includes three stages of reading acquisition in her model (see Figure 3.2). The Chicago Tribune offers a variety of ways to access its articles online. If you’re a subscriber, you can read the entire paper in digital form. The Chicago Tribune offers its entire paper in digital form to its subscribers.One relevant recommendation is for the use of cooperative learning groups to aid reading comprehension development. Here, cooperative learning is defined as any pattern of classroom organization that allows students to work together to achieve their individual goals (Harris & Hodges, 1995). Cooperative learning reading comprehension activities ...Within the reading educational community there was research (for example, the “First-Grade Studies” in 1967) hinting at the im-portant relation between sound awareness and learning to read. Recent longitudinal studies of reading acquisition have demonstrated that the ac-quisition of phonemic awareness is highly Reading Acquisition Students with special needs are in need of consistent, sequential reading instruction. Further, these skills must be taught in an integrated fashion. Providing a framework for educators makes the reading process manageable and interesting for both the teacher and the student.Mergers and acquisitions are key business activities that bring substantial changes to companies — for both employees and customers. Mergers and acquisitions can be understandably concerning if you’ve built segments of your portfolio around...Dec 14, 2017 · Originally published in 1992. This book brings together the work of a number of distinguished international researchers engaged in basic research on beginning reading. Individual chapters address various processes and problems in learning to read - including how acquisition gets underway, the contribution of story listening experiences, what is ... Territorial acquisition is the acquiring of territory or land along with all it contains through various means, including war, treaties and purchase. After the American Revolution, the 13 American colonies sought territorial acquisitions in...3.2b Frith Theory of Reading Acquisition Literacy experts also use a stage model to describe children’s literacy progressions. Although the various stage models of reading have some distinctions and focus on different elements of reading processes, they all share an approach which focuses on children moving from one stage to another with ...Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation. The capacity to …Carrillo, M. (1994). Development of phonological awareness and reading acquisition. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 279–298. Durgunoglu, A. Y. (2002). Cross-linguistic transfer in literacy development and implications for language learners. Annals of Dyslexia, 52, 189-204.Dec 20, 2021 · Reading acquisition reorganizes existing brain networks for speech and visual processing to form novel audio-visual language representations. This requires substantial cortical plasticity that is reflected in changes in brain activation and functional as well as structural connectivity between brain areas. The extent to which a child’s brain can accommodate these changes may underlie the ... If we accept that reading material consists, at least partly, of statistical regularities and that a statistical learning mechanism is required to learn these regularities, it is true by definition that reading acquisition relies on statistical learning. We define reading as deriving phonology and meaning from an orthographic code.An administration department is responsible for providing administrative aid in five areas of a business: information management systems, human resources, payroll, acquisition and communication.We call for an end to the reading wars and recommend an agenda for instruction and research in reading acquisition that is balanced, developmentally informed, and based on a deep understanding of how language and writing systems work. References. Acha J., Perea M. (2008). The effects of length and transposed-letter similarity in lexical ...Phonological Awareness. Reading is the act of processing text in order to derive meaning. To learn to read, children must develop both fluent word reading and language comprehension (Gough & Tunmer,1986). Fluent word reading stems from underlying skills: phonological awareness, phonics and decoding, and automatic word recognition.levels of the reading acquisition process. . In considering the importance of reading in eociety, a brief examination was made of the statistics of reading failure and the causes of reading failure. It was found that approximately . 13% . of students nearing the end of high school are unable to read basic, everyday reading material.The distinctive characteristics of the Chinese writing system make learning to read Chinese a significant challenge for CSL/CFL learners. However, compared with the substantial amount of research on Chinese reading acquisition in native Chinese speakers, only a limited number of studies have investigated the acquisition of L2 Chinese reading ... We call for an end to the reading wars and recommend an agenda for instruction and research in reading acquisition that is balanced, developmentally informed, and based on a deep understanding of how language and writing systems work. Learning to read transforms lives.Mergers and acquisitions may bring significant financial benefits if all goes well, but result in financial losses and a less productive workforce if they do not work as planned. Mergers and acquisitions, like most corporate transactions, m...The initial literate knowledge that is necessary for the act of learning to read usually develops during the early years of life, and this knowledge leads to conventional literacy acquisition ...Senechal, M., & Cornell, E. H. (1993). Vocabulary acquisition through shared reading experiences. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 360–374. CrossRef Google Scholar Senechal, M. (1997). The differential effect of storybook reading on preschoolers’ acquisition of expressive and receptive vocabulary.In today’s competitive job market, finding the right talent for your organization can be a challenging task. One of the most effective ways to find employees looking for jobs is by utilizing online job boards and platforms.Reading acquisition is based on a set of preliteracy skills that lay the foundation for future reading abilities. Phonological awareness-the ability to identify and manipulate the sound units of ...Reading acquisition involves learning to associate visual symbols with spoken language. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that instruction on the relationship between spellings and sounds may be ...These are the cornerstones of learning a language. Reading. Writing. Listening. Speaking. The skills work in pairs. When you’re reading or listening, you’re consuming a language. However, when you’re writing or speaking, you’re producing a language.Background. Many contributing factors, both domain specific and domain general, influence children's performance in school achievement. Aims. This research aims to verify the importance of kindergarten measures of cognitive abilities and numerical competence in the role of predicting mathematical school achievement at the end of first …Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation. The capacity to …Although the issue of visual skills in relation to word reading has not been central to recent explorations of reading development, all visual word reading involves visual skill. Children constantly face tasks of differentiating visually similar letters or words. For example, distinguishing ‘b’ from ‘d’, ‘a’ from ‘e’, or ‘book’ from ‘boot’ all require visual ...Discussion. The primary focus of phonics instruction is to help beginning readers understand how letters are linked to sounds ( phonemes ) to form letter-sound correspondences and spelling patterns and to help them learn how to apply this knowledge in their reading. Phonics instruction may be provided systematically or incidentally.The interactionist approach (sociocultural theory) combines ideas from sociology and biology to explain how language is developed. According to this theory, children learn language out of a desire to communicate with the world around them. Language emerges from, and is dependent upon, social interaction. Article history: Beérkezett: 18 September 2017 Átdolgozva: 3 October 2017 Elfogadva: 17 October 2017 Abstract This article explores factors affecting reading comprehension. It discusses different concepts on reading comprehension and describes some components of reading abilities, which are important to decode the written text. Large amount of …1 พ.ย. 2540 ... First-grade reading ability was reliably linked to exposure to print, as assessed in the 11th grade, even after 11th-gradeReading ...reading acquisition in alphabetic writing systems. In . 10 Castles et al. the most ambitious study of this type, Seymour, Aro, and Erskine (2003) …If you’re reading this, you’re probably an accomplished reader. In fact, you’ve most likely forgotten by now how much work it took you to learn to read in the first place. And you probably never think about what is happening in your brain when you’re reading that email from your boss or this month’s book club selection. And yet, there’s nothing …This is Volume II of the Reading Acquisition of Chinese as a Second/Foreign LanguageWritten Chinese is unique because of its logographic orthography in nature and the correspondence between Chinese characters, morphemes, and syllables. Therefore, reading acquisition of Chinese is a major challenge for those learning Chinese as a second/foreign language (CSL/CFL). However, studies on reading ...There is robust empirical evidence regarding predictors of success in reading and writing. However, pre-school and primary teachers are not always aware of this evidence and often do not know how to apply it in practice. Considering the importance of the role of these teachers and the importance of early school years in preventing learning …Chevron said Monday that the acquisition of Hess adds a major oil field in Guyana as well as shale properties in the Bakken Formation in North Dakota. Guyana is a …Mar 14, 2023 · Phonological Awareness. Reading is the act of processing text in order to derive meaning. To learn to read, children must develop both fluent word reading and language comprehension (Gough & Tunmer,1986). Fluent word reading stems from underlying skills: phonological awareness, phonics and decoding, and automatic word recognition. He worked at the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL) for 35 years in the areas of early reading, bilingual reading, language acquisition, and mathematics and science education, leading research, research application, and several large-scale education dissemination and professional development projects.An accumulation of high-quality research across similar topic areas will verify the accuracy of findings and increase our confidence in those findings. For example, the National Reading Panel (NRP) found that systematic phonics instruction produced significant benefits for K-6 students and for those having difficulty learning to read (2000).Research indicates that, without direct instructional support, phonemic awareness eludes roughly 25 percent of middle-class first graders and substantially more of those who come from less literacy -rich backgrounds. Furthermore, these children evidence serious difficulty in learning to read and write (see Adams, 1990, for a review).The situation in which Chinese reading acquisition takes place in the Chinese OWI setting brings the properties of school materials to fore, because environmental input in a non-English language, Chinese included, is impoverished; except for few big cities in the United States where certain areas may have concentrated …The three key emergent literacy skills that predict acquisition of reading skills are phonological awareness, recognizing letters in text and oral language. These reading acquisitor skills all require efficient language processing: Phonological awareness to pick out the sounds inside words, Print recognition to match up symbols to sounds, and Language acquisition is a process that engages different skills and is therefore influenced by them. Reading, which is among the four main language skills, is considered to be influential in this process in many ways. In my opinion, it is one of the best contributors to the journey of learning a new language and although its advantages seem to ...Databricks on Monday made its second major acquisition in the past four months, reaching an agreement to purchase Arcion for $100 million in a move that adds new data …If you’re reading this, you’re probably an accomplished reader. In fact, you’ve most likely forgotten by now how much work it took you to learn to read in the first place. And you probably never think about what is happening in your brain when you’re reading that email from your boss or this month’s book club selection. And yet, there’s nothing …In today’s rapidly evolving job market, staying competitive and adaptable has become more important than ever. As industries continue to transform and new technologies emerge, workforce training programs have emerged as a vital resource for...Phonemic Awareness is the ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds that form words. For instance, the word cat is formed by the following individual sounds (or phonemes): /c/ /a/ /t/. Using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), this word would be represented like this: “kæt”. Obviously, this is for your reference ...reading comprehension, formation of English words, language learning, formation of phrases, clauses and sentences; clear and affective communication and Literature-in English. The paper concludes ...For English language learners (ELLs), vocabulary development is especially important. The average native English speaker enters kindergarten knowing at least 5,000 words. The average ELL may know 5,000 words in his or her native language, but very few words in English. While native speakers continue to learn new words, ELLs face the double ...Differences in IFG were in a similar location to changes related to reading acquisition in TR, supporting the notion that the emergence of a neural circuit for reading parallels typical reading acquisition 63. At TP3, no differences were observed for word specific contrast, while for words, increased activity was found in left IFG and bilateral ...Territorial acquisition is the acquiring of territory or land along with all it contains through various means, including war, treaties and purchase. After the American Revolution, the 13 American colonies sought territorial acquisitions in...Senechal, M., & Cornell, E. H. (1993). Vocabulary acquisition through shared reading experiences. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 360–374. CrossRef Google Scholar Senechal, M. (1997). The differential effect of storybook reading on preschoolers’ acquisition of expressive and receptive vocabulary.on reading acquisition and dyslexia, she demonstrates clearly that reading has a genetic basis. At the same time, the interesting point is made that reading is an evolutionary recent skill and that the time for genetic variants to adapt to specific writing systems is probably insufficient. However, the strengthA group of 1st-graders who were administered a battery of reading tasks in a previous study were followed up as 11th graders. Ten years later, they were administered measures of exposure to print, reading comprehension, vocabulary, and general knowledge. First-grade reading ability was a strong predictor of all of the 11th-grade outcomes and remained so even when measures of cognitive ability ...Convincing evidence supporting a causal association between phonological skills and reading acquisition in both deaf children and hearing children (see NICHD, 2000; for a review) is provided in ...Carrillo, M. (1994). Development of phonological awareness and reading acquisition. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 279–298. Durgunoglu, A. Y. (2002). Cross-linguistic transfer in literacy development and implications for language learners. Annals of Dyslexia, 52, 189-204.According to the Home Literacy Model (Sénéchal and LeFevre, 2002, 2014), young children can be exposed to two distinct types of literacy activities at home. First, meaning-related literacy activities are those where print is present but is not the focus of the parent–child interaction, for example, when parents read storybooks to their children. In contrast, code-related literacy ... Note: This semantic language skill is much less directly predictive of reading than the skills that follow and less important to teach directly (Gillon, 2004). It is not so much a phonological skill as a semantic ... Paulson (2004) confirmed the hierarchy of phonological skill acquisition in 5-year-olds entering kindergarten.The three key emergent literacy skills that predict acquisition of reading skills are phonological awareness, recognizing letters in text and oral language. These reading acquisitor skills all require efficient language processing: Phonological awareness to pick out the sounds inside words, Print recognition to match up symbols to sounds, and One literacy model is Uta Frith’s theory of reading acquisition. In Frith’s theory, children acquire literacy by moving through particular stages that are developmental and …Introduction. Reading comprehension refers to gaining meaning from the given printed text through the interaction between readers' schema knowledge retrieval and semantic cognition (Snow, 2002; Wigfield et al., 2016).Reading comprehension plays a vital role in two main learning perspectives—knowledge acquisition and cognition aptitude …Instead, the field has been plagued by decades of "reading wars." Even now, ... We call for an end to the reading wars and recommend an agenda for instruction and research in reading acquisition that is balanced, developmentally informed, and based on a deep understanding of how language and writing systems work. Keywords: language; ...The Reading Acquisition Framework - An Overview by Wesley A. Hoover and Philip B. Gough From the cognitive perspective of learning to read, reading comprehension (or, simply, reading) is the ability to construct linguistic meaning from written representations of language. This ability is based upon two equally important competencies.Editorial: Neural bases of reading acquisition and reading disability. Li Hai Tan 1,2* Charles A. Perfetti 3 Johannes C. Ziegler 4 Bruce McCandliss 5. 1 Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China. 2 Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Central Nerve System (CNS) Regeneration, Jinan University, Shenzhen ...The Victorian English curriculum, speaking and listening provides guidelines about what should be taught. The other modes of the English curriculum (reading and viwgin and writing), as well as other other curriculum learnign areas, all have knowledge, actions and skill development mediated by speaking and listening.Children with hyperlexia are often self-taught readers who can read well above what is expected at their age but struggle to understand what they are reading. They excel in knowing how to decode written words but struggle with comprehension. The term hyperlexia was coined in 1967 and is typically characterized by four features.Language acquisition is largely implicit Input and interaction are key factors Output plays a limited role Instruction makes the difference Please look at your choices again once you nished reading the chapter! Scholars in second language acquisition believe that input is a necessary ingre-dient for the acquisition of a second language.Reading. 3. Second language acquisition. I. Title. II. Series. P53.75.G73 2009 418 .4071–dc22 2008021563 ISBN 978-0-521-50986-2 hardback ISBN 978-0-521-72974-1 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in
Plenty of studies have been conducted to reveal neurocognitive underpinnings of conceptual representation. Compared with that of concrete concepts, the neurocognitive correlates of abstract concepts remain elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of conceptual concreteness on the reading acquisition and integration of novel words into semantic memory. We constructed two .... Ku exhibition games
Oct 2, 2017 · Learning to read: English in comparison to six more regular orthographies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 621 – 635. Bast, J. & Reitsma, P. ( 1998 ). Analyzing the development of individual differences in terms of Matthew effects in reading: Results from a Dutch longitudinal study. The Reading Acquisition Framework - An Overview by Wesley A. Hoover and Philip B. Gough From the cognitive perspective of learning to read, reading comprehension (or, simply, reading) is the ability to construct linguistic meaning from written representations of language. This ability is based upon two equally important competencies. Chapter 31: Reading Acquisition in Different Orthographies: Evidence from Direct Comparisons Download PDF Chapter 32: Learning to Read: The Effect of Orthography Download PDF Chapter 33: Learning to Spell From Print and Learning to Spell From Speech: A Study of Spelling of Children Who Speak Tamil, a Dravidian Language Download PDFIt should be kept in mind, however, that the Reading First components did not originate from studies including ELLs, and that despite research indicating a need for native language instruction, any discussion within the context of Reading First is about teaching ELLs to read in English. 1. Phonemic awareness.The interactionist approach (sociocultural theory) combines ideas from sociology and biology to explain how language is developed. According to this theory, children learn language out of a desire to communicate with the world around them. Language emerges from, and is dependent upon, social interaction. Spoken language is a distinctive trace of our species and it is naturally acquired during infancy. Written language, in contrast, is artificial, and the correspondences between arbitrary visual symbols and the spoken language for reading and writing should be explicitly learned with external help. In this paper, I present several examples of how written language acquisition is both shaped by ...The situation in which Chinese reading acquisition takes place in the Chinese OWI setting brings the properties of school materials to fore, because environmental input in a non-English language, Chinese included, is impoverished; except for few big cities in the United States where certain areas may have concentrated …The reading diary is an extensive case history of instructional environment and acquisition of reading skills by 50 first-graders in 10 classrooms.Reading Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) Reading PALS is a whole-class peer-tutoring program that can be used with students from kindergarten through sixth grade and in high school. Students work on grade-level reading skills. The focus in kindergarten and first grade is on word recognition and fluency. Kareem Weaver is a Co-Founder and Executive Director of FULCRUM, which partners with stakeholders to improve reading results for students. He is the Oakland NAACP’s 2nd Vice President and Chair of its Education Committee; his advocacy is featured in the upcoming film The Right to Read. Mr. Weaver previously served as New Leaders’ …The current study examined the impact of translanguaging on second language reading comprehension. The study involved an experimental and a control group. The participants in the experimental group ( n = 38) were offered four opportunities to engage Arabic – their first language – in comprehending a text in English.Phonemic Awareness is the ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds that form words. For instance, the word cat is formed by the following individual sounds (or phonemes): /c/ /a/ /t/. Using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), this word would be represented like this: “kæt”. Obviously, this is for your reference ...Buying a new car is not a small expenditure, so financing will likely be a part of the process. Even if you have less than perfect credit, chances are you can find a lender willing to help you with your new acquisition.There is a close relationship between the development of phonological consciousness and reading acquisition. Contributing to the development of meta-linguistic skills will enhance the acquisition ...Learning to read: English in comparison to six more regular orthographies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 621 – 635. Bast, J. & Reitsma, P. ( 1998 ). Analyzing the development of individual differences in terms of Matthew effects in reading: Results from a Dutch longitudinal study.Mar 14, 2023 · Phonological Awareness. Reading is the act of processing text in order to derive meaning. To learn to read, children must develop both fluent word reading and language comprehension (Gough & Tunmer,1986). Fluent word reading stems from underlying skills: phonological awareness, phonics and decoding, and automatic word recognition. Chevron buys Hess Corporation for $53 billion, another acquisition in oil, gas industry. Chevron announced Monday that it will acquire the independent energy company ….